All World Events
Agriculture Develops(c. 10,000 B.C.) Over the course of about 5,000 years, 10 different regions of the Earth independently develop agriculture, the use of land and breedi... more
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Horses Domesticated(c. 3,500 B.C.) Horses are domesticated in the Eurasian Steppes, most likely occurring in what is modern day Kazakhstan. more
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Writing Developed(c. 3,500 B.C.) Writing, a medium of human communication representing languages and emotions through signs and symbols, develops independently in 4 di... more
c. 3,500 B.C. Writing, a medium of human communication representing languages and emotions through signs and symbols, develops independently in 4 different areas – Mesopotamia (c. 3,500 B.C.), Egypt(c. 1,550 B.C.) The New Kingdom of Egypt(c. 1,550 B.C.) The New Kingdom of Egypt begins as the Pharaohs of Egypt regain independence and displace the Hyksos. The technical innovations brough... more begins as the Pharaohs of Egypt(c. 1,550 B.C.) The New Kingdom of Egypt begins as the Pharaohs of Egypt regain independence and displace the Hyksos. The technical innovations brough... more regain independence and displace the Hyksos. The technical innovations brough... more (c. 3,100 B.C.), the Indus Valley (c. 2,600 B.C.), and the Yellow River (c. 1,700 B.C.). Please share if you found this post informative.
Bronze Age(c. 3,300 B.C.) The Bronze Age begins in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley. The Bronze Age begins in Europe 100 years later (c. 3,200 B.C.), an... more
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Indus Valley Civilization(c. 3,300 B.C.) The Indus Valley Civilization emerges, extending across the northeast of modern day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northwest India. more
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Egypt, Old Kingdom(c. 2,686 B.C.) The Old Kingdom of Egypt is established, during which many of ancient Egypt’s most well-known achievements were constructed, such as... more
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Akkadian Empire(c. 2,334 B.C.) The Akkadian Empire, centered in the city of Akkad unifies and governs much of the Mesopotamian region. more
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Egypt, Old Kingdom Ends(c. 2,181 B.C.) The Old Kingdom of Egypt collapses after a series of droughts exacerbates the problems of a period in which its economic strength was ... more
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Akkadian Empire Ends(c. 2,154 B.C.) The Akkadian Empire collapses due to its agricultural bases being undermined by droughts and invading forces from the north as well as... more
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Egypt, Kingdom of(c. 2,134 B.C.) The Pharaohs of Egypt reestablish stability and prosperity, giving rise to the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. more
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Xia Dynasty (China)(c. 2,070 B.C.) The Xia dynasty possibly rules along the Yellow River in China. Shrouded in mystery, myth, and legend, subsequent Chinese governments ... more
c. 2,070 B.C. The Xia dynasty possibly rules along the Yellow River in China. Shrouded in mystery, myth, and legend, subsequent Chinese governments traced their history to the Xia dynasty. No written records survive from this civilization, but some archeological evidence suggests the Xia dynasty may have been real. Please share if you found this post informative.
Old Assyrian Empire(c. 2,025 B.C.) The city-state of Assur in the northern region of Mesopotamia begins to expand its territory and establishes the Old Assyrian Empire w... more
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Chariot Developed(c. 2,000 B.C.) The spoke-wheeled, horse chariot is developed by Indo-Europeans in the Eurasian Steppes, spreading to Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Va... more
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Babylonian Empire(c. 1,792–1,750 B.C.) Hammurabi begins his reign in Babylon, during which time, Babylon goes from being a minor city-state in southern Mesopotamia t... more
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Egypt, Kingdom ends(c. 1,690 B.C.) The Middle Kingdom of Egypt comes to an end after a period of decline caused by the economic stresses of an influx of a variety of Sem... more
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Hyksos in Egypt(c. 1,650 B.C.) The Hyksos, another diverse group of Semitic speaking people likely from Canaan, establish control over the Nile Delta and exact tribu... more
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Hittite Empire(c. 1,600 B.C.) Indo-Europeans establish the Hittite civilization centered in Hattusa in modern day Turkey, finding great success in the military use ... more
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Mycenean Greek Civilization(c. 1,600 B.C.) Mycenean Greek Civilization was the first advanced civilization in Greece, with several centers of power. Mycenaean Greece was ruled b... more
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Shang Dynasty (China)(c. 1,600 B.C.) The semi-mythical Xia Dynasty ends, and the Shang Dynasty arises to rule over the Yellow River Valley. more
c. 1,600 B.C. The semi-mythical Xia Dynasty ends, and the Shang Dynasty arises to rule over the Yellow River Valley. Please share if you found this post informative.
Vedic Period of India(c. 1,500 B.C.) The Vedic Period in India begins, an approximately 1000 year period in which the language, culture, and religion of Indo-European migr... more
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Old Assyrian Empire Ends(c. 1,393 B.C.) The Old Assyrian Empire collapses after losing ground to the Hittite Empire and other outside forces. more
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Indus Valley Civilization Ends(c. 1,300 B.C.) The Indus Valley Civilization largely disappears after a long period of gradual decline involving the abandonment of most major urbani... more
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Battle of Kadesh(c. 1,274 B.C.) Ramesses II of the New Kingdom of Egypt battles Muwatalli II of the Hittite Empire to a draw in the Battle of Kadesh, the best documen... more
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Iron Age(c. 1,200 B.C.) The Iron Age begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100... more
c. 1,200 B.C. The Iron Age(c. 1,200 B.C.) The Iron Age(c. 1,200 B.C.) The Iron Age begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100... more begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age(c. 1,200 B.C.) The Iron Age begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100... more would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100... more begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age(c. 1,200 B.C.) The Iron Age(c. 1,200 B.C.) The Iron Age begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100... more begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age(c. 1,200 B.C.) The Iron Age begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100... more would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100... more would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100 B.C.), Eastern Europe (c. 900 B.C.), Central Europe and Great Britain (c. 800…
Bronze Age Collapsec. 1,200 B.C. The Bronze Age Collapse, an approximately 300 year period, was a violent, sudden, and culturally disruptive period in which many civiliz... more
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Hittite Empire Ends(c. 1,178 B.C.) The Hittite Empire ends as part of the Bronze Age Collapse. more
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Mycenaean Greece Ends(c. 1,150 B.C.) Mycenaean Greece collapses as part of the Bronze Age Collapse, initiating a dark age period in Greece. more
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Phoenician Expansion(c. 1,150 B.C.) Phoenicia begins approximately 600 years of sea based expansion, establishing coastal colonies in the Mediterranean as far West as GA.... more
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Egypt, New Kingdom(c. 1,069 B.C.) The New Kingdom of Egypt ends as part of the Bronze Age Collapse, its wealth making it the target of too many enemies, Libyans to its ... more Ends
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Middle Assyrian Empire Ends(c. 1,056 B.C.) The Middle Assyrian Empire succumbs to the pressures of the Bronze Age Collapse as it begins a period of gradual decline, eventually c... more
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Alphabet Developed more
c. 1,050 B.C. Phoenicians develop a 22 letter alphabet which spreads through their colonies and trade routes, which is eventually adopted and adapted by the Greeks. Please share if you found this post informative.
Zhou Dynasty (China)(c. 1,046 B.C.) The Shang Dynasty ends after it is defeated in battle, and the Zhou Dynasty begins its rule in China. more
c. 1,046 B.C. The Shang Dynasty ends after it is defeated in battle, and the Zhou Dynasty begins its rule in China. Please share if you found this post informative.
Neo-Assyrian Empire(911 B.C.) The Neo-Assyrian Empire reasserts Assyrian dominance in northern Mesopotamia, and ultimately expanded further, conquering all of Mesopotami... more
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Carthage Established(814 B.C.) Phoenician colony of Kart-Hadasht (Carthage) is established in modern day Tunisia. more
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Greek Civilization Reemerges(c. 800 B.C.) Greek civilization reemerges from its dark ages as villages become more urbanized and develop into powerful city-states. These city-stat... more
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Carthaginian Expansion(c. 650 B.C.) Carthage becomes independent from Phoenicia in the Eastern Mediterranean and asserts its power and control over other Phoenician colonie... more
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Neo-Babylonian Empire(626 B.C.) The Neo-Babylonian Empire arises, breaking away from the failing Neo-Assyria Empire and ultimately conquering Mesopotamia, the Levant, and ... more
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Median Kingdom(626 B.C.) The Median Kingdom arises, breaking away from the eastern reaches of the failing Neo-Assyrian Empire, and eventually stretching from the no... more
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Neo-Assyrian Empire Ends(609 B.C.) After a period of approximately 20 years of civil war and unrest in the failing Neo-Assyrian Empire, the final remnants of the Neo-Assyrian... more
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Second Indian Urbanization(c. 600 B.C.) The Indian subcontinent experiences a new period of urbanization in which new cities arise and the culture and religion further develop ... more
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Achaemenid Empire (Persia)(550 B.C.) The Achaemenid Empire (aka the First Persian Empire) begins as Cyrus the Great rebels against and destroys the Medes, eventually controllin... more
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Roman Republic(509 B.C.) The Roman Republic is established after an aristocratic coup against the last Roman king. more
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Greco-Persian Wars(499 B.C.) The Greco-Persian Wars begin with the Ionian Revolt, initiating a 50 year period of conflict between the massive Achaemenid Empire and the ... more
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Peloponnesian War(431 B.C.) The Peloponnesian War, an approximately 25 year conflict between Sparta and Athens resulted in the defeat of Athens and a brief period in w... more
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Macedon Unifies Greece(338 B.C.) King Phillip II of Macedon unifies nearly all of the ancient Greek world through the Hellenic League, a federation of Greek states under Ph... more
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Muaryan Empire (India)(321 B.C.) Chandragupta Maurya establishes the Mauryan Empire which would ultimately expand to include almost the entire Indian subcontinent. more
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Seleucid Empire(312 B.C.) The Seleucid Empire, based in Babylonia, is founded by Seleucus, former general over Alexander’s elite cavalry forces. Seleucus asserted ... more
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Antigonid Kingdom(306 B.C.) Antigonus, a former general to Alexander, establishes the Antigonid Kingdom in portions of Asia Minor and the Levant. more
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Kingdom of Thrace(306 B.C.) Lysimachus, a former bodyguard to Alexander, establishes a kingdom in Thrace, eventually expanding to control Macedonia and portions of Asi... more
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Ptolemaic Kingdom (Egypt)(305 B.C.) Ptolemy, a former general to Alexander, establishes the Ptolemaic Kingdom based in Egypt and controlling Libya, portions of the Levant, and... more
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Kingdom of Thrace Ends(281 B.C.) The Kingdom of Lysimachus falls after he dies in battle against the Seleucid Empire. more
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Roman Domination of Italy(275 B.C.) Rome establishes itself as the unrivaled power in Italy after a period of expansion and defeating an invasion by Pyrrhus (ambitious cousin ... more
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Qin Dynasty (China)(256 B.C.) The Zhou dynasty ends after a period of fragmentation and its capital is captured by a newer competing kingdom, the Qin. more
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Parthian Empire(247 B.C.) Parthia (a region in the northeast of modern day Iran) gains independence in a rebellion against the Seleucid Empire, eventually becoming t... more
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Qin Empire (China)(221 B.C.) The Qin dynasty establishes the first Chinese Empire after defeating the Zhou Dynasty and unifying China. more
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Han Empire (China)(206 B.C.) The Qin Empire ends with turmoil and instability after the death of its first Emperor. After a brief but intense conflict, the Han dynasty ... more
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Roman Domination of Mediterranean(201 B.C.) Rome defeats Carthage in the Second Punic War, an approximately 15 year conflict, in which Carthage sought revenge for the losses sustained... more
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Mauryan Empire Ends(185 B.C.) The Mauryan Empire falls after a period of weak rulers and the assassination of its final ruler, Brihadratha. more
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Rome Conquers Greece(146 B.C.) Rome fully conquers Greece after approximately 50 years of being drawn into military engagements there. more
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Silk Road(c. 130 B.C.) The Silk Road is established as the Han Dynasty in China as they extend their overland trade routes further west and connect directly to... more
c. 130 B.C. The Silk Road(c. 130 B.C.) The Silk Road(c. 130 B.C.) The Silk Road is established as the Han Dynasty in China as they extend their overland trade routes further west and connect directly to... more is established as the Han Dynasty in China as they extend their overland trade routes further west and connect directly to... more is established as the Han Dynasty in China as they extend their overland trade routes further west and connect directly to trade routes used by the Roman Empire(27 B.C.) After a period of unrest and competing generals jockeying for power, Octavian, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, becomes the first official ... more. Please share if you found this post informative.
Seleucid Empire Ends(63 B.C.) After a period of decline for approximately 100 years caused by military defeats to the Romans in the west and the Parthians to the east, th... more
312–63 B.C. After a period of decline for approximately 100 years caused by military defeats to the Romans in the west and the Parthians to the east, the remnants of the Seleucid Empire(312 B.C.) The Seleucid Empire(312 B.C.) The Seleucid Empire, based in Babylonia, is founded by Seleucus, former general over Alexander’s elite cavalry forces. Seleucus asserted ... more, based in Babylonia, is founded by Seleucus, former general over Alexander’s elite cavalry forces. Seleucus asserted ... more collapse. Please share if you found this post informative.
Rome Conquers Gaul(50 B.C.) Julius Caesar conquers Gaul (modern day France and Belgium), setting the stage for his rise to power in Rome. more
50 B.C. Julius Caesar conquers Gaul (modern day France and Belgium), setting the stage for his rise to power in Rome. Please share if you found this post informative.
Ptolemaic Kingdom Ends(30 B.C.) The Ptolemaic Kingdom falls to Rome, its former ally of approximately 150 years, despite Cleopatra VII’s dramatic bid to maintain independ... more
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Roman Empire(27 B.C.) After a period of unrest and competing generals jockeying for power, Octavian, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, becomes the first official ... more
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Maritime Silk Route(c. A.D. 50) Maritime trade routes connect China, India, and the Roman Empire, establishing a maritime Silk Route. more
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Romans destroy Temple(A.D. 70) The Romans destroy the temple in Jerusalem at the culmination of the Great Jewish Revolt. more
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Han Empire Ends(A.D. 220) The Han Dynasty in China ends after a period of internal instability leads to open conflict between competing factions and the relinquishme... more
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Parthian Empire Ends(A.D. 224) The Parthian Empire falls after prolonged military pressure from Rome to the west and internal strife, ultimately succumbing to a rebellion... more
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Sassanid Empire(A.D. 224) The rebellion which overthrew the Parthian Empire establishes the Sassanid Empire which quickly expands to fill the territorial space of th... more
A.D. 224–651 The rebellion which overthrew the Parthian Empire(247 B.C.) Parthia (a region in the northeast of modern day Iran) gains independence in a rebellion against the Seleucid Empire(312 B.C.) The Seleucid Empire, based in Babylonia, is founded by Seleucus, former general over Alexander’s elite cavalry forces. Seleucus asserted ... more, eventually becoming t... more establishes the Sassanid Empire(A.D. 224) The rebellion which overthrew the Parthian Empire(247 B.C.) Parthia (a region in the northeast of modern day Iran) gains independence in a rebellion against the Seleucid Empire, eventually becoming t... more establishes the Sassanid Empire(A.D. 224) The rebellion which overthrew the Parthian Empire establishes the Sassanid Empire which quickly expands to fill the territorial space of th... more which quickly expands to fill the territorial space of th... more which quickly expands to fill the territorial space of the Parthian Empire(247 B.C.) Parthia (a region in the northeast of modern day Iran) gains independence in a rebellion against the Seleucid Empire(312 B.C.) The Seleucid Empire, based in Babylonia, is founded by Seleucus, former general over Alexander’s elite cavalry forces. Seleucus asserted ... more, eventually becoming t... more and to compete in…
Jin Empire (China)(A.D. 265) The Jin Dynasty arises within the kingdom of Wei and proceeds to unite China and Vietnam under its rule, reestablishing an Imperial China. more
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Division of Roman Empire(A.D. 286) The Roman Empire is divided into two administrative bodies each overseen by its own emperor, the west being governed by an emperor in Medio... more
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Gupta Empire (India)(A.D. 320) The Gupta Empire emerges, eventually covering much of the Indian subcontinent and ushering in a golden age in India. more
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Battle of Adrianople(A.D. 378) Eastern Roman Emperor Valens sought a decisive victory against rebellious Goths in the Balkans region, yet the tables turned against him, r... more
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Rome Sacked(A.D. 410) The Visigoths sack Rome, no longer the capital of the Roman Empire, but still its cultural and spiritual center. more
A.D. 410 The VisigothsThe western branch of the GermanicReferring to an Indo-European ethnic group of people originating in northern Europe. The Roman Empire bordered on Germanic lands for centuries and the... more Goths who sacked Rome. They were later granted foederati (allied) status by the Western Roman Empire(27 B.C.) After a period of unrest and competing generals jockeying for power, Octavian, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, becomes the first official ... more, and they esta... more sack Rome, no longer the capital of the Roman Empire(27 B.C.) After a period of unrest and competing generals jockeying for power, Octavian, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, becomes the first official ... more, but still its cultural and spiritual center. Please share if you found this post informative.
Jin Empire Ends(A.D. 420) The Jin Dynasty ends as Emperor Gong abdicates his throne after Jin territory is fractured by internal strife and rebellion. more
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Western Roman Empire Ends(A.D. 480) The Western Roman Empire officially ends after the Germanic king, Odoacer, conquered the Italian peninsula and established his own Kingdom ... more
A.D. 480 The Western Roman Empire(27 B.C.) After a period of unrest and competing generals jockeying for power, Octavian, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, becomes the first official ... more officially ends after the GermanicReferring to an Indo-European ethnic group of people originating in northern Europe. The Roman Empire(27 B.C.) After a period of unrest and competing generals jockeying for power, Octavian, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, becomes the first official ... more bordered on GermanicReferring to an Indo-European ethnic group of people originating in northern Europe. The Roman Empire bordered on Germanic lands for centuries and the... more lands for centuries and the... more king, Odoacer, conquered the Italian peninsula and established his own Kingdom of Italy. Please share if you found this post informative.
Gupta Empire Ends(A.D. 550 ) The Gupta Empire collapses after being weakened by its costly but ultimately successful efforts at pushing back invading Huns. more
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Sui Empire (China)(A.D. 581) The Sui Dynasty rises and reunites China under its imperial rule. more
A.D. 581 The Sui Dynasty rises and reunites China under its imperial rule. Please share if you found this post informative.
Rashidun Caliphate(A.D. 632) The Rashidun Caliphate begins upon the death of Muhammad, who united the Arabian tribes under Islam. The Rashidun Caliphate eventually conq... more
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Sassanid Empire Ends(A.D. 651) After losing a catastrophic war with the Eastern Roman Empire (later denominated the Byzantine Empire), the Sassanid Empire is conquered by... more
A.D. 224–651 After losing a catastrophic war with the Eastern Roman Empire(27 B.C.) After a period of unrest and competing generals jockeying for power, Octavian, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, becomes the first official ... more (later denominated the Byzantine Empire), the Sassanid Empire(A.D. 224) The rebellion which overthrew the Parthian Empire(247 B.C.) Parthia (a region in the northeast of modern day Iran) gains independence in a rebellion against the Seleucid Empire, eventually becoming t... more establishes the Sassanid Empire(A.D. 224) The rebellion which overthrew the Parthian Empire establishes the Sassanid Empire which quickly expands to fill the territorial space of th... more which quickly expands to fill the territorial space of th... more is conquered by invading Arab armies. Please share if you found this post informative.
Umayyad Caliphate(A.D. 661) The Umayyad Caliphate begins, extending its territory to include the whole of North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, and the Indus Valley reg... more
A.D. 651 The Umayyad Caliphate(A.D. 661) The Umayyad Caliphate(A.D. 661) The Umayyad Caliphate begins, extending its territory to include the whole of North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, and the Indus Valley reg... more begins, extending its territory to include the whole of North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, and the Indus Valley reg... more begins, extending its territory to include the whole of North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, and the Indus Valley region. Please share if you found this post informative.
Tang Empire (China)(A.D. 618) The Sui Dynasty collapses after overextending itself through ambitious military campaigns and infrastructure projects. After a brief civil ... more
A.D. 618–907 The Sui Dynasty collapses after overextending itself through ambitious military campaigns and infrastructure projects. After a brief civil war, the Tang Dynasty assumes control of Imperial China and would lead it into a golden age. Please share if you found this post informative.
Battle of Tours(A.D. 732) A pivotal battle in which Charles Martel’s infantry repelled an invading Muslim force, effectively halting the Muslim advance and saving ... more
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Charles Martel becomes KingCharles Martel becomes the acting king of the Franks (A.D. 737) after having halted the Islamic advance in Western Europe, extended the territory of F... more
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Abbasid Caliphate(A.D. 750) The Abbasid Caliphate begins, which loses control of territory in Iberia and the western portion of North Africa but extends control into S... more
Qcjm: testing iconA Greek word for “image” that is used to describe images of Jesus(c. 4 B.C.–A.D. 30-33) Also known as Jesus of Nazareth, Jesus Christ, the Messiah, and Savior of the World. He is the founding figure of Christianit... more, saintsIs a term used in the New Testament for Christian believers. In Roman Catholicism it refers to officially canonized, deceased holy men and women who c... more, and angels that are venerated by Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholics. more in content Please share if you found this post informative.
Charlemagne becomes KingCharlemagne, the grandson of Charles Martel, becomes King of the Franks (A.D. 768) and would go on to expand Frankish territory and usher in the Carol... more
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Viking AgeA.D. 793 Viking Age begins during which the Norse people from Scandinavia explore, trade, settle, and conquer territories throughout Europe, ultimatel... more
A.D. 793 Viking AgeA.D. 793 Viking AgeA.D. 793 Viking Age begins during which the Norse people from Scandinavia explore, trade, settle, and conquer territories throughout Europe, ultimatel... more begins during which the Norse people from Scandinavia explore, trade, settle, and conquer territories throughout Europe, ultimatel... more begins during which the Norse people from Scandinavia explore, trade, settle, and conquer territories throughout Europe, ultimately exerting an extremely disruptive influence throughout the region. Please share if you found this post informative.
Charlemagne Crowned EmperorCharlemagne is crowned as Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III (A.D. 800). more
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Kievan Rus(A.D. 882) The Kievan Rus civilization emerges in Eastern Europe, likely founded by a Scandinavian ruling elite, and occasionally ruled over by Viking... more
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Tang Empire Ends(A.D. 907) The Tang Dynasty in China falls to a rebellion after a long struggle against the tendency of regional generals to assume ever greater amoun... more
A.D. 618–907 The Tang Dynasty in China falls to a rebellion after a long struggle against the tendency of regional generals to assume ever greater amounts of autonomyA term that literally means to give yourself the lawIs a fundamental concept of Luthernism and is contrasted by Luther with the Gospel. For Luther, the law consists of God’s commands regarding how one... more. This idea was central to Kant’s moral theory that reason gives itself the moral lawIs a fundamental concept of Luthernism and is contrasted by Luther with the Gospel. For Luther, the law consists of God’s commands regarding how one... more. more. China is fractured and governed by numerous kingdoms. Please share if you found this post informative.
Medieval Warm Period(c. A.D. 950–1250) A period in which Europe’s climate benefited from unusual warming. more
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Holy Roman Empire(A.D. 962) The Holy Roman Empire emerges in the Germanic areas and Northern Italy with Otto I assuming the imperial crown descended from Charlemagne. more
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Gunpowder Developed(c. A.D. 1000) The Chinese discover gunpowder. more
c. A.D. 1000 The Chinese discover gunpowder. Please share if you found this post informative.
High Middle AgesA period of European history from approximately A.D. 1000 – A.D. 1250. It followed the Early Middle Ages (i.e., the “Dark Ages”), and was charac... more
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Seljuk Turk Empire(A.D. 1037) The Seljuk Turks establish an empire which displaces the political power of the Abbasid Caliphate, leaving the Abbasid dynasty with largel... more
A.D. 1037 The Seljuk Turks establish an empire which displaces the political power of the Abbasid Caliphate(A.D. 750) The Abbasid Caliphate(A.D. 750) The Abbasid Caliphate begins, which loses control of territory in Iberia and the western portion of North Africa but extends control into S... more begins, which loses control of territory in Iberia and the western portion of North Africa but extends control into S... more, leaving the Abbasid dynasty with largely ceremonial and religious influence. Please share if you found this post informative.
Movable Type Developed(A.D. 1040) The Chinese invent movable type. more
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Viking Age Ends(A.D. 1066) The Viking Age draws to a close as the last major military offensive by the Norse is defeated by the Anglo-Saxon king Harold Godwinson. more
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Normans Conquer England(A.D. 1066) William I, the Duke of Normandy in France and direct descendant from Viking leaders who settled in the area 100 years earlier, crosses the... more
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First Crusade(A.D. 1095) Pope Urban II calls the First Crusade in response the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Emperor’s plea for help against the Seljuk Turks. The Cr... more
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Second Crusade(A.D. 1145) French and German armies respond to the call by various preachers for a crusade because of some Muslim military success in the Middle East... more
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Third Crusade(A.D. 1189) Pope Gregory VIII calls for a Third Crusade in response to Saladin’s conquest of Jerusalem. The Third Crusade was led by several of Euro... more
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Seljuk Turk Empire(A.D. 1037) The Seljuk Turks establish an empire which displaces the political power of the Abbasid Caliphate, leaving the Abbasid dynasty with largel... more Ends
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Fourth Crusade(A.D. 1201) Pope Innocent III calls for the Fourth Crusade, which was hijacked by the Venetians seeking to place a puppet king on the throne of the By... more
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Genghis Khan(A.D. 1206) Genghis Khan unites the Mongolian tribes and creates the Mongolian Empire, conquering the northern Chinese kingdoms of Xia and Jin, and We... more
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Magna Carta(A.D. 1215) King John of England signs the Magna Carta to make peace with a group of Rebel Barons. The Magna Carta would become a foundational documen... more
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Fifth Crusade(A.D. 1217) The Fifth Crusade begins, involving mostly Hungarian and Austrian forces who invaded Egypt and achieved little. more
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Sixth Crusade(A.D. 1228) Emperor Frederick II of the Holy Roman Empire, after being excommunicated for not supporting previous crusader campaigns, achieves unexpec... more
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Kievan Rus End(A.D. 1240) The Kievan Rus fall to invading Mongolian armies. more
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Gunpowder Introduced to Europe(A.D. 1241) The Mongols likely introduce Europeans to gunpowder-based weaponry in the Battle of Mohi against the Kingdom of Hungary. more
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Seventh Crusade(A.D. 1248) King Louis the IX of France organizes a Seventh Crusade against Egypt, is defeated in battle, captured, and ransomed. more
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Mongols Conquer Middle East(A.D. 1258) The Islamic Golden Age ends as Mongolian armies destroy Baghdad and conquer Mesopotamia, the northern portion of the Levant and portions o... more
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Mongolian Empire Fragments(c. A.D. 1260) The Mongolian Empire begins to fragment leaving behind the Golden Horde in the northwestern portions of Central Asia and Eastern Europe... more
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Eighth Crusade(A.D. 1270) King Louis the IX of France organizes an Eighth Crusade which gets diverted to Tunisia, where his army is decimated by disease and King Lo... more
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Ninth Crusade(A.D. 1271) Prince Edward of England (future King Edward I) leads the Ninth Crusade into Syria where little is achieved, but a 10 year truce is reache... more
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Yuan Empire (China)(A.D. 1271) Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Kahn, formally establishes the Yuan dynasty and empire in China. more
A.D. 1271 Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Kahn, formally establishes the Yuan dynasty and empire in China. Please share if you found this post informative.
Ottoman Empire(A.D. 1299) Osman I unifies disparate and fractured kingdoms in Asia Minor and establishes the Ottoman Empire. more
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Hundred Years’ War(A.D. 1337) The Hundred Years' War between the Plantagenet rulers of England and the Valois rulers of France regarding their respective claims to the ... more
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Black Plague(A.D. 1347) The Black Plague reaches Europe from the Silk Road killing anywhere from 30% to 60% of Europe’s population over the course of 5 years, a... more
A.D. 1347 The Black Plague(A.D. 1347) The Black Plague(A.D. 1347) The Black Plague reaches Europe from the Silk Road killing anywhere from 30% to 60% of Europe’s population over the course of 5 years, a... more reaches Europe from the Silk Road(c. 130 B.C.) The Silk Road is established as the Han Dynasty in China as they extend their overland trade routes further west and connect directly to... more killing anywhere from 30% to 60% of Europe’s population over the course of 5 years, a... more reaches Europe from the Silk Road(c. 130 B.C.) The Silk Road(c. 130 B.C.) The Silk Road is established as the Han Dynasty in China as they extend their overland trade routes further west and connect directly to... more is established as the Han Dynasty in China as they extend their overland trade routes further west and connect directly to... more killing anywhere from 30% to 60% of Europe’s population over the course of 5 years, and outbreaks would periodically recur over the next 400 years. Please share if you found this post informative.
European Renaissance(c. A.D. 1350) The Renaissance begins in Italy after the highly disruptive Black Plague, renewing interest in the arts, culture, humanism, and classic... more
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Ming Empire(A.D. 1368) The Yuan dynasty falls to rebellion and the Ming dynasty assumes control of Imperial China, restoring native Han rule in place of Mongolia... more
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Middle Assyrian Empire(c. 1,392 B.C.) The Middle Assyrian Empire begins, during which Assyria reasserts itself in northern Mesopotamia. more
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Gutenberg Printing Press(A.D. 1439) Gutenberg introduces movable type to Europe, accelerating the cultural and social revolutions of the Renaissance. more
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Eastern Roman Empire Ends(A.D. 1453) Ottoman forces capture Byzantium, and the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire finally ends. more
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Turks invade Constantinople(A.D. 1453) Constantinople falls to the Turks, bringing an end to the Byzantine Empire and the beginning of the Turkish threat to Western Europe. more
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Printing Press(A.D. 1455) Johannes Gutenberg inaugurates the era of the printing press by publishing the first printed Bible. more
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Russia Emerges(A.D. 1462) Ivan III (also known as Ivan the Great) assumes power in Moscow. During his approximately 40 year rule, he dramatically expanded the terri... more
A.D. 1462 Ivan III (also known as Ivan the Great) assumes power in Moscow. During his approximately 40 year rule, he dramatically expanded the territory subject to his rule, uniting the Rus lands, defeating the Golden Horde thereby ending their dominance over the Rus, and laying the foundation of the Russian state. Please share if you found this post informative.
Christopher Columbus(A.D. 1492) After Ferdinand and Isabella complete the Christian reconquest of Iberia, Christopher Columbus begins his maritime voyage from Spain to re... more
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Vasco da Gama(A.D. 1497) Vasco da Gama begins his maritime voyage from Portugal to reach India and open up a direct trade route from Portugal and India more
A.D. 1497 Vasco da Gama(A.D. 1497) Vasco da Gama(A.D. 1497) Vasco da Gama begins his maritime voyage from Portugal to reach India and open up a direct trade route from Portugal and India more begins his maritime voyage from Portugal to reach India and open up a direct trade route from Portugal and India more begins his maritime voyage from Portugal to reach India and open up a direct trade route from Portugal and India. Please share if you found this post informative.
Wars of Religion(A.D. 16th–18th centuries) European wars dealing primarily with religion fought intermittent throughout the 16th, 17th, & 18th centuries. more
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Ottoman Caliphate(A.D. 1517) The Ottoman Caliphate becomes the de facto leader of the Muslim world operating within the Ottoman Empire. more
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