TIMELINE of Christian Theology – All

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MAJOR ONLY: WORLD | RELIGIOUS | PEOPLE | ALL

MINOR & MAJOR: WORLD | RELIGIOUS | PEOPLE | ALL

B.C. | A.D. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st

All Events

AdamAccording to Jewish, Christian and Muslim scriptures, Adam was the first human being created by God out of the dust of the earth as the last step of c... more

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EveAccording to Jewish, Christian and Muslim scriptures, all humans descended from Eve after she disobeyed God and partook of a forbidden fruit, causing ... more

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c. 10,000 B.C.

Agriculture Develops(c. 10,000 B.C.) Over the course of about 5,000 years, 10 different regions of the Earth independently develop agriculture, the use of land and breedi... more

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c. 3,500 B.C.

Horses Domesticated(c. 3,500 B.C.) Horses are domesticated in the Eurasian Steppes, most likely occurring in what is modern day Kazakhstan.

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c. 3,500 B.C.

Writing Developed(c. 3,500 B.C.) Writing, a medium of human communication representing languages and emotions through signs and symbols, develops independently in 4 di... more

c. 3,500 B.C. Writing, a medium of human communication representing languages and emotions through signs and symbols, develops independently in 4 different areas – Mesopotamia (c. 3,500 B.C.), Egypt(c. 1,550 B.C.) The New Kingdom of Egypt(c. 1,550 B.C.) The New Kingdom of Egypt begins as the Pharaohs of Egypt regain independence and displace the Hyksos. The technical innovations brough... more begins as the Pharaohs of Egypt(c. 1,550 B.C.) The New Kingdom of Egypt begins as the Pharaohs of Egypt regain independence and displace the Hyksos. The technical innovations brough... more regain independence and displace the Hyksos. The technical innovations brough... more (c. 3,100 B.C.), the Indus Valley (c. 2,600 B.C.), and the Yellow River (c. 1,700 B.C.). Please share if you found this post informative.

c. 3,300 B.C.

Indus Valley Civilization(c. 3,300 B.C.) The Indus Valley Civilization emerges, extending across the northeast of modern day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northwest India.

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c. 3,300 B.C.

Bronze Age(c. 3,300 B.C.) The Bronze Age begins in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley. The Bronze Age begins in Europe 100 years later (c. 3,200 B.C.), an... more

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c. 2,686 B.C.

Egypt, Old Kingdom(c. 2,686 B.C.) The Old Kingdom of Egypt is established, during which many of ancient Egypt’s most well-known achievements were constructed, such as... more

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c. 2,500 B.C.

Phoenicia(c. 2,500 B.C.) Phoenicia, a maritime empire, established along the coasts of modern day Lebanon, Syria, and northern Israel, with its main center of ... more

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c. 2,334 B.C.

Akkadian Empire(c. 2,334 B.C.) The Akkadian Empire, centered in the city of Akkad unifies and governs much of the Mesopotamian region.

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c. 2,181 B.C.

Egypt, Old Kingdom Ends(c. 2,181 B.C.) The Old Kingdom of Egypt collapses after a series of droughts exacerbates the problems of a period in which its economic strength was ... more

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c. 2,154 B.C.

Akkadian Empire Ends(c. 2,154 B.C.) The Akkadian Empire collapses due to its agricultural bases being undermined by droughts and invading forces from the north as well as... more

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c. 2,134 B.C.

Egypt, Kingdom of(c. 2,134 B.C.) The Pharaohs of Egypt reestablish stability and prosperity, giving rise to the Middle Kingdom of Egypt.

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c. 2,070 B.C.

Xia Dynasty (China)(c. 2,070 B.C.) The Xia dynasty possibly rules along the Yellow River in China. Shrouded in mystery, myth, and legend, subsequent Chinese governments ... more

c. 2,070 B.C. The Xia dynasty possibly rules along the Yellow River in China. Shrouded in mystery, myth, and legend, subsequent Chinese governments traced their history to the Xia dynasty. No written records survive from this civilization, but some archeological evidence suggests the Xia dynasty may have been real. Please share if you found this post informative.

c. 2,025 B.C.

Old Assyrian Empire(c. 2,025 B.C.) The city-state of Assur in the northern region of Mesopotamia begins to expand its territory and establishes the Old Assyrian Empire w... more

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c. 2,000 B.C.

Chariot Developed(c. 2,000 B.C.) The spoke-wheeled, horse chariot is developed by Indo-Europeans in the Eurasian Steppes, spreading to Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Va... more

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c. 1800 B.C.

AbrahamAbraham (c. 1800 B.C.) The founding figure of the world’s three monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. He is the first person in ... more

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c. 1,792 B.C.

Babylonian Empire(c. 1,792–1,750 B.C.) Hammurabi begins his reign in Babylon, during which time, Babylon goes from being a minor city-state in southern Mesopotamia t... more

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c. 1690 B.C.

Egypt, Kingdom ends(c. 1,690 B.C.) The Middle Kingdom of Egypt comes to an end after a period of decline caused by the economic stresses of an influx of a variety of Sem... more

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c. 1,650 B.C.

Hyksos in Egypt(c. 1,650 B.C.) The Hyksos, another diverse group of Semitic speaking people likely from Canaan, establish control over the Nile Delta and exact tribu... more

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c. 1,600 B.C.

Hittite Empire(c. 1,600 B.C.) Indo-Europeans establish the Hittite civilization centered in Hattusa in modern day Turkey, finding great success in the military use ... more

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c. 1,600 B.C.

Mycenean Greek Civilization(c. 1,600 B.C.) Mycenean Greek Civilization was the first advanced civilization in Greece, with several centers of power. Mycenaean Greece was ruled b... more

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c. 1,600 B.C.

Shang Dynasty (China)(c. 1,600 B.C.) The semi-mythical Xia Dynasty ends, and the Shang Dynasty arises to rule over the Yellow River Valley.

c. 1,600 B.C. The semi-mythical Xia Dynasty ends, and the Shang Dynasty arises to rule over the Yellow River Valley. Please share if you found this post informative.

c. 1,550 B.C.

Egypt(c. 1,550 B.C.) The New Kingdom of Egypt begins as the Pharaohs of Egypt regain independence and displace the Hyksos. The technical innovations brough... more

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c. 1,500 B.C.

Vedic Period of India(c. 1,500 B.C.) The Vedic Period in India begins, an approximately 1000 year period in which the language, culture, and religion of Indo-European migr... more

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c. 1450 B.C.

Mosaic LawThe Law of Moses generally refers to the first five books of the Bible which are traditionally thought to have been authored by Moses. In addition to ... more

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Died c. 1400 B.C.

Moses(Died c. 1400 B.C.) Moses was a Hebrew prophet who led his people out of slavery in Egypt. He instituted the Mosaic Law consisting of both ritual and ... more

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c. 1,393 B.C.

Old Assyrian Empire Ends(c. 1,393 B.C.) The Old Assyrian Empire collapses after losing ground to the Hittite Empire and other outside forces.

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c. 1,300 B.C.

Indus Valley Civilization Ends(c. 1,300 B.C.) The Indus Valley Civilization largely disappears after a long period of gradual decline involving the abandonment of most major urbani... more

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c. 1,274 B.C.

Battle of Kadesh(c. 1,274 B.C.) Ramesses II of the New Kingdom of Egypt battles Muwatalli II of the Hittite Empire to a draw in the Battle of Kadesh, the best documen... more

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c. 1,200 B.C.

Iron Age(c. 1,200 B.C.) The Iron Age begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100... more

c. 1,200 B.C. The Iron Age(c. 1,200 B.C.) The Iron Age(c. 1,200 B.C.) The Iron Age begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100... more begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age(c. 1,200 B.C.) The Iron Age begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100... more would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100... more begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age(c. 1,200 B.C.) The Iron Age(c. 1,200 B.C.) The Iron Age begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100... more begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age(c. 1,200 B.C.) The Iron Age begins in the Ancient Near East, the Aegean, and India. The Iron Age would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100... more would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100... more would begin later in Italy and the Balkans (c. 1,100 B.C.), Eastern Europe (c. 900 B.C.), Central Europe and Great Britain (c. 800…

c. 1,200 B.C.

Bronze Age Collapsec. 1,200 B.C. The Bronze Age Collapse, an approximately 300 year period, was a violent, sudden, and culturally disruptive period in which many civiliz... more

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c. 1,178 B.C

Hittite Empire Ends(c. 1,178 B.C.) The Hittite Empire ends as part of the Bronze Age Collapse.

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c. 1,150 B.C.

Phoenician Expansion(c. 1,150 B.C.) Phoenicia begins approximately 600 years of sea based expansion, establishing coastal colonies in the Mediterranean as far West as GA.... more

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c. 1,150 B.C.

Mycenaean Greece Ends(c. 1,150 B.C.) Mycenaean Greece collapses as part of the Bronze Age Collapse, initiating a dark age period in Greece.

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c. 1,069 B.C.

Egypt, New Kingdom(c. 1,069 B.C.) The New Kingdom of Egypt ends as part of the Bronze Age Collapse, its wealth making it the target of too many enemies, Libyans to its ... more Ends

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c. 1,056 B.C.

Middle Assyrian Empire Ends(c. 1,056 B.C.) The Middle Assyrian Empire succumbs to the pressures of the Bronze Age Collapse as it begins a period of gradual decline, eventually c... more

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c. 1,050 B.C.

Alphabet Developed

c. 1,050 B.C. Phoenicians develop a 22 letter alphabet which spreads through their colonies and trade routes, which is eventually adopted and adapted by the Greeks. Please share if you found this post informative.

c. 1,046 B.C.

Zhou Dynasty (China)(c. 1,046 B.C.) The Shang Dynasty ends after it is defeated in battle, and the Zhou Dynasty begins its rule in China.

c. 1,046 B.C. The Shang Dynasty ends after it is defeated in battle, and the Zhou Dynasty begins its rule in China. Please share if you found this post informative.

c. 1000 B.C.

David(c. 1000 B.C.) David is known for killing the giant Goliath when he was a young shepherd and later when he was king of Israel expanding the territory ... more

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911 B.C.

Neo-Assyrian Empire(911 B.C.) The Neo-Assyrian Empire reasserts Assyrian dominance in northern Mesopotamia, and ultimately expanded further, conquering all of Mesopotami... more

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814 B.C.

Carthage Established(814 B.C.) Phoenician colony of Kart-Hadasht (Carthage) is established in modern day Tunisia.

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c. 800 B.C.

Greek Civilization Reemerges(c. 800 B.C.) Greek civilization reemerges from its dark ages as villages become more urbanized and develop into powerful city-states. These city-stat... more

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c. 650 B.C.

Carthaginian Expansion(c. 650 B.C.) Carthage becomes independent from Phoenicia in the Eastern Mediterranean and asserts its power and control over other Phoenician colonie... more

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c. 641–610 B.C.

Josiah(c. 641–610 B.C.) He was made king while young but became a strong force for the restoration of orthodox practices after a book of the law (presumed... more

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626 B.C.

Neo-Babylonian Empire(626 B.C.) The Neo-Babylonian Empire arises, breaking away from the failing Neo-Assyria Empire and ultimately conquering Mesopotamia, the Levant, and ... more

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626 B.C.

Median Kingdom(626 B.C.) The Median Kingdom arises, breaking away from the eastern reaches of the failing Neo-Assyrian Empire, and eventually stretching from the no... more

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c. 615–515 B.C.

Daniel the Prophet(c. 615–515 B.C.) An Old Testament prophet known for surviving being thrown into a den of lions and for interpreting dreams. His prophetic writings ... more

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609 B.C.

Neo-Assyrian Empire Ends(609 B.C.) After a period of approximately 20 years of civil war and unrest in the failing Neo-Assyrian Empire, the final remnants of the Neo-Assyrian... more

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c. 600 B.C.

Second Indian Urbanization(c. 600 B.C.) The Indian subcontinent experiences a new period of urbanization in which new cities arise and the culture and religion further develop ... more

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587 B.C.

Babylonian CaptivityThis phrase is used to describe three events: 1) the captivity of ancient Israel and exile to Babylon as related in the Old Testament; 2) the years wh... more I

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c. 570–495 B.C.

PythagorasPythagoras (c. 570–495 B.C.) was a Greek philosopher who is credited with many mathematical and scientific discoveries. He also promulgated mystical... more

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550 B.C.

Achaemenid Empire (Persia)(550 B.C.) The Achaemenid Empire (aka the First Persian Empire) begins as Cyrus the Great rebels against and destroys the Medes, eventually controllin... more

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509 B.C.

Roman Republic(509 B.C.) The Roman Republic is established after an aristocratic coup against the last Roman king.

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499 B.C.

Greco-Persian Wars(499 B.C.) The Greco-Persian Wars begin with the Ionian Revolt, initiating a 50 year period of conflict between the massive Achaemenid Empire and the ... more

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c. 495–430 B.C.

ZenoZeno of Elea (c. 495–430 B.C.) was an ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician. He is credited with first using the reduction ad absurdum argumen... more

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470–399 B.C.

Socrates(470–399 B.C.). Socrates is credited with being the father of philosophy because he taught that the individual must begin by first examining himself... more

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431 B.C.

Peloponnesian War(431 B.C.) The Peloponnesian War, an approximately 25 year conflict between Sparta and Athens resulted in the defeat of Athens and a brief period in w... more

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c. 427–348 B.C.

Plato(c. 427–348 B.C.) Greek philosopher, Socrates’s student, Aristotle’s teacher, and founder of the only rigorously non materialist philosophical t... more

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384 B.C.–322 B.C.

AristotleAristotle (384–322 B.C.) was a greek philosopher, founder of the sciences of logic, physics, and biology, whose writings were a major conceptual res... more

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356–323 B.C.

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great (356–323 B.C.) was King of Macedon and went on to create one of the largest empires of the ancient world by the time he was thir... more

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338 B.C.

Macedon Unifies Greece(338 B.C.) King Phillip II of Macedon unifies nearly all of the ancient Greek world through the Hellenic League, a federation of Greek states under Ph... more

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336 B.C.

Alexander the Great becomes King

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323 B.C.

Alexander the Great Dies

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321 B.C.

Muaryan Empire (India)(321 B.C.) Chandragupta Maurya establishes the Mauryan Empire which would ultimately expand to include almost the entire Indian subcontinent.

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312 B.C.

Seleucid Empire(312 B.C.) The Seleucid Empire, based in Babylonia, is founded by Seleucus, former general over Alexander’s elite cavalry forces. Seleucus asserted ... more

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306 B.C.

Kingdom of Thrace(306 B.C.) Lysimachus, a former bodyguard to Alexander, establishes a kingdom in Thrace, eventually expanding to control Macedonia and portions of Asi... more

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306 B.C.

Antigonid Kingdom(306 B.C.) Antigonus, a former general to Alexander, establishes the Antigonid Kingdom in portions of Asia Minor and the Levant.

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305 B.C.

Ptolemaic Kingdom (Egypt)(305 B.C.) Ptolemy, a former general to Alexander, establishes the Ptolemaic Kingdom based in Egypt and controlling Libya, portions of the Levant, and... more

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281 B.C.

Kingdom of Thrace Ends(281 B.C.) The Kingdom of Lysimachus falls after he dies in battle against the Seleucid Empire.

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275 B.C.

Roman Domination of Italy(275 B.C.) Rome establishes itself as the unrivaled power in Italy after a period of expansion and defeating an invasion by Pyrrhus (ambitious cousin ... more

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256 B.C.

Qin Dynasty (China)(256 B.C.) The Zhou dynasty ends after a period of fragmentation and its capital is captured by a newer competing kingdom, the Qin.

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247 B.C.

Parthian Empire(247 B.C.) Parthia (a region in the northeast of modern day Iran) gains independence in a rebellion against the Seleucid Empire, eventually becoming t... more

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221 B.C.

Qin Empire (China)(221 B.C.) The Qin dynasty establishes the first Chinese Empire after defeating the Zhou Dynasty and unifying China.

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c. 215–164 B.C.

Antiochus IV(c. 215–164 B.C.) Antiochus IV was king of the Seleucid Empire. He essentially conquered Egypt but backed off in the face of pressure from Rome. Dur... more

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206 B.C.

Han Empire (China)(206 B.C.) The Qin Empire ends with turmoil and instability after the death of its first Emperor. After a brief but intense conflict, the Han dynasty ... more

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201 B.C.

Roman Domination of Mediterranean(201 B.C.) Rome defeats Carthage in the Second Punic War, an approximately 15 year conflict, in which Carthage sought revenge for the losses sustained... more

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185 B.C.

Mauryan Empire Ends(185 B.C.) The Mauryan Empire falls after a period of weak rulers and the assassination of its final ruler, Brihadratha.

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167–160 B.C.

Maccabean Revolt(167–160 B.C.) A Jewish rebellion against the Seleucid Empire which resulted in an independent Judean state which sought to diminish Hellenistic inf... more

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146 B.C.

Rome Conquers Greece(146 B.C.) Rome fully conquers Greece after approximately 50 years of being drawn into military engagements there.

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c. 130 B.C.

Silk Road(c. 130 B.C.) The Silk Road is established as the Han Dynasty in China as they extend their overland trade routes further west and connect directly to... more

c. 130 B.C. The Silk Road(c. 130 B.C.) The Silk Road(c. 130 B.C.) The Silk Road is established as the Han Dynasty in China as they extend their overland trade routes further west and connect directly to... more is established as the Han Dynasty in China as they extend their overland trade routes further west and connect directly to... more is established as the Han Dynasty in China as they extend their overland trade routes further west and connect directly to trade routes used by the Roman Empire(27 B.C.) After a period of unrest and competing generals jockeying for power, Octavian, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, becomes the first official ... more. Please share if you found this post informative.

63 B.C.

Seleucid Empire Ends(63 B.C.) After a period of decline for approximately 100 years caused by military defeats to the Romans in the west and the Parthians to the east, th... more

312–63 B.C. After a period of decline for approximately 100 years caused by military defeats to the Romans in the west and the Parthians to the east, the remnants of the Seleucid Empire(312 B.C.) The Seleucid Empire(312 B.C.) The Seleucid Empire, based in Babylonia, is founded by Seleucus, former general over Alexander’s elite cavalry forces. Seleucus asserted ... more, based in Babylonia, is founded by Seleucus, former general over Alexander’s elite cavalry forces. Seleucus asserted ... more collapse. Please share if you found this post informative.

50 B.C.

Rome Conquers Gaul(50 B.C.) Julius Caesar conquers Gaul (modern day France and Belgium), setting the stage for his rise to power in Rome.

50 B.C. Julius Caesar conquers Gaul (modern day France and Belgium), setting the stage for his rise to power in Rome. Please share if you found this post informative.

30 B.C.

Ptolemaic Kingdom Ends(30 B.C.) The Ptolemaic Kingdom falls to Rome, its former ally of approximately 150 years, despite Cleopatra VII’s dramatic bid to maintain independ... more

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27 B.C.

Roman Empire(27 B.C.) After a period of unrest and competing generals jockeying for power, Octavian, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, becomes the first official ... more

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c. 20 B.C.–A.D. 50

Philo(c. 20 B.C.–A.D. 50) Jewish philosopher and exegete who used an allegorical method to interpret the scriptures that was influential on ancient Chris... more of Alexandria

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c. 20 B.C.–c. A.D. 38

Pontius PilatePontius Pilate (c. 20 B.C.–c. A.D. 38) was the Roman Prefect of Judea from about 26 A.D. to 36 A.D. Jesus Christ was tried by Pontius Pilate, who fo... more

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born c. 18 B.C.

MaryMary (born c. 18 B.C.) was a Galilean Jewish woman and mother of Jesus. Christians believe that Jesus was conceived miraculously through the Holy Spir... more

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c. 4 B.C.–A.D. 64

Paul(c. 4 B.C.–A.D. 64) Apostle and early Christian missionary, whose letters are the earliest documents contained in the New Testament and thus the fir... more

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c. 4 B.C.–A.D. 39

HerodHerod Antipater (c. 4 B.C.–A.D. 39) ruled over Galilee and Perea, the regions of Judea where Jesus was most active in his ministry. Herod imprisoned... more Antipater

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c. 4 B.C.–A.D. 30-33

Jesus(c. 4 B.C.–A.D. 30-33) Also known as Jesus of Nazareth, Jesus Christ, the Messiah, and Savior of the World. He is the founding figure of Christianit... more

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c. 1 B.C.– c. A.D. 30

John the BaptistJohn the Baptist (c. 1 B.C.–c. A.D. 30) was a Jewish preacher and prophet, Jesus’s cousin, he taught salvation through a coming messiah, and he us... more

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1st CENTURY

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c. A.D. 1–65

PeterPeter (c. A.D. 1–65) was a Jewish fisherman, chosen by Jesus to be one of his 12 Apostles. Peter was a critical witness to many events in Jesus’ l... more the Apostle

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c. A.D. 6–100

JohnJohn (c. A.D. 6–100) was a Jewish fisherman, chosen by Jesus to be one of his 12 Apostles, and appears to have developed an especially close bond wi... more the Apostle

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A.D. 9–79

VespasianVespasian (A.D. 9–79) was Emperor from A.D. 69 to A.D. 79. In A.D. 60, Vespasian led the Roman forces in quelling a Jewish rebellion. His son, Titus... more

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A.D. 15 Dec 37–9 Jun 68

Nero(A.D. 15 Dec 37–9 Jun 68) Nero was the first Roman emperor to deliberately persecute Christians beginning in AD 64 after the great fire in Rome. It ... more

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c. A.D. 30

Crucifixion(A.D. 30) Jesus is crucified.

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A.D. 30

PentecostComes from the Greek word for “fifty,” and refers to the Jewish harvest festival also called the “feast of weeks,” because it was held seven w... more

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c. A.D. 35–108

Ignatius of Antioch(c. A.D. 35–108) Also known as Ignatius Theophorus, was the second bishop of Antioch who wrote a series of letter to other bishops while he was in t... more

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c. A.D. 35–99

Clement of Rome(c. A.D. 35–99) He was bishop of Rome from around AD 88 to his death in AD 99. His is one of the few Church fathers who lived during the time of the... more

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A.D. 37–c. A.D. 100

JosephusTitus Flavius Josephus (A.D. 37–c. 100) was a Roman-Jewish scholar and historian whose work focused on Jewish history. He was from an elite family a... more

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A.D. 50–64

Paul’s Epistles(A.D. 50–64) The Apostle Paul writes letters which become the earliest writings recorded in the New Testament.

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c. A.D. 50

Council of Jerusalem(c. A.D. 50) This council was called to resolve a dispute regarding the obligations of the burgeoning numbers of Gentile converts. After hearing from ... more

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c. A.D. 50

Maritime Silk Route(c. A.D. 50) Maritime trade routes connect China, India, and the Roman Empire, establishing a maritime Silk Route.

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A.D. 53–117

Trajan(A.D. 53–117) Trajan was Roman Emperor from A.D. 98 until his death in 117. He was highly successful in military campaigns and in philanthropic gove... more

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Died c. A.D. 61

Barnabas(Died c. A.D. 61) Barnabas was an early Christian who became an Apostle after the deaths of Jesus and Judas Iscariot. He and Paul worked to convert th... more

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A.D. 65

Gospel of Mark(A.D. 65) The earliest date that scholars believe the book of Mark was written, which is generally regarded as the first of the Four Gospels. Some sch... more

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A.D. 69–155

Polycarp(A.D. 69–155) Polycarp was the Bishop of Smyrna in present-day Turkey. Polycarp was a disciple of John the Apostle and is thought to have been ordai... more

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c. A.D. 70–140

Clement, First Letter of(c. A.D. 70–140) A letter written to the church in Corinth from the church in Rome, it addresses the need to support local ecclesiastical leaders af... more

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A.D. 70

Jerusalem Temple Destroyed(A.D. 70) The Roman Army destroys the Jerusalem and the temple while quashing the Great Jewish Revolt.

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A.D. 75–95

Gospels of Matthew, Luke & John(A.D. 75–95) The timeframe scholars generally allocate for the composition of the Gospels of Matthew, Luke, and John.

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2nd CENTURY

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fl. 2nd century

Montanus(fl. 2nd century) Founder of a “New Prophecy” in Phrygia (in modern Turkey), which advocated stricter moral discipline—for example, no remarriag... more

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c. A.D. 100–175

Valentinus(c. A.D. 100–175) Author of an influential and philosophically sophisticated version of Gnosticism. He was active in Rome in the 140s, and even hope... more

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fl. early 2nd century

Marcion(A.D. 144) Marcion excommunicated in Rome.

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c. A.D. 100–165

Justin Martyr(c.A.D 100–165) Born in Palestine early in the 2nd century, Justin was educated as a philosopher and converted to Christianity, retaining many of hi... more

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c. A.D. 120–180

Tatian(c. A.D. 120–180) Tatian was an Assyrian Christian theologian. His theology has been considered the beginning of the concept of creation ex nihilo, ... more

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c. A.D. 120–200

Irenaeus(c. A.D. 120–200) Bishop of Lyon, the most important Christian theologian of the 2nd century; author of a large work, Against Heresies.

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A.D. 121–180

Marcus Aurelius(A.D. 121–180) Marcus Aurelius was Roman Emperor from A.D. 161 until his death in 180. He was renowned for his philosophical thinking and temperance... more

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(A.D. 132–136)

Bar Kokhba Revolt(A.D. 132–136) A major Jewish revolt resulting from the construction of a Roman colony on the ruins of Jerusalem, with a temple to Jupiter being bui... more

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A.D. 144

Marcion(A.D. 144) Marcion excommunicated in Rome. excommunicated

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A.D. 145

Valentinus rejected(A.D. 145) Valentinus travels to Rome in hopes of becoming its next bishop but is rejected.

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c. A.D. 150–681

Christological Controversy(c. A.D. 150–681) During the 2nd Century disputes began in the Christian Church regarding the nature of Christ and his relation to the Father and Ho... more

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c. A.D. 150–215

Clement of Alexandria(c. A.D. 150–215) Titus Flavius Clemens, now known as Clement of Alexandria, was an early Christian theologian whose theology was heavily influenced... more

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c. A.D. 150

Justin Martyr’s 1st ApologyJustin Martyr writes his First Apology and his Dialogue with Trypho.

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c. A.D. 160–225

Tertullian(c. A.D. 160–225) North African priest and theologian, the first major Latin Christian author. Despite the large number of his writings that have su... more

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c. A.D. 165

Justin Martyr’s 2nd ApologyJustin Martyr writes his Second Apology.

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A.D. 180–200

Irenaeus(c. A.D. 120–200) Bishop of Lyon, the most important Christian theologian of the 2nd century; author of a large work, Against Heresies. – Against HeresiesA five volume book written by Irenaeus, bishop of Lyon, around AD 185 to combat the Gnostic influence in the Church. It sets forth a three part test t...

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c. A.D. 185–254

Origen(c. A.D. 185–254) Alexandrian theologian famous for his commentaries and homilies on the scriptures, which established a long-lasting tradition of C... more

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3rd CENTURY

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c. A.D. 202

Origen begins teaching(c. A.D. 202) Origen begins his teaching career at age 17 by becoming head of the catechetical school in Alexandria.

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c. A.D. 205–270

PlotinusPlotinus (c. A.D. 204–270) was a philosopher born in Egypt under the Roman Empire. Plotinus followed the Platonic tradition, but adapted it with dis... more

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A.D. 210–14 Sep 258

Cyprian(A.D. 210–14 Sep 258) Bishop of Carthage between 248 and 258 who sparked a controversy when he fled during the Emperor Decian persecution and then l... more

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c. A.D. 215

Sabellius(c. A.D. 215) He was an early Christian theologian who taught that God is indivisible so the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are simply different manifest... more

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A.D. 220

Han Empire Ends(A.D. 220) The Han Dynasty in China ends after a period of internal instability leads to open conflict between competing factions and the relinquishme... more

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A.D. 224

Sassanid Empire(A.D. 224) The rebellion which overthrew the Parthian Empire establishes the Sassanid Empire which quickly expands to fill the territorial space of th... more

A.D. 224–651 The rebellion which overthrew the Parthian Empire(247 B.C.) Parthia (a region in the northeast of modern day Iran) gains independence in a rebellion against the Seleucid Empire(312 B.C.) The Seleucid Empire, based in Babylonia, is founded by Seleucus, former general over Alexander’s elite cavalry forces. Seleucus asserted ... more, eventually becoming t... more establishes the Sassanid Empire(A.D. 224) The rebellion which overthrew the Parthian Empire(247 B.C.) Parthia (a region in the northeast of modern day Iran) gains independence in a rebellion against the Seleucid Empire, eventually becoming t... more establishes the Sassanid Empire(A.D. 224) The rebellion which overthrew the Parthian Empire establishes the Sassanid Empire which quickly expands to fill the territorial space of th... more which quickly expands to fill the territorial space of th... more which quickly expands to fill the territorial space of the Parthian Empire(247 B.C.) Parthia (a region in the northeast of modern day Iran) gains independence in a rebellion against the Seleucid Empire(312 B.C.) The Seleucid Empire, based in Babylonia, is founded by Seleucus, former general over Alexander’s elite cavalry forces. Seleucus asserted ... more, eventually becoming t... more and to compete in…

A.D. 224

Parthian Empire Ends(A.D. 224) The Parthian Empire falls after prolonged military pressure from Rome to the west and internal strife, ultimately succumbing to a rebellion... more

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A.D. 244–311

DiocletianDiocletian (A.D. 244–311) was a Roman Emperor who successfully stabilized the Roman Empire after nearly collapsing after a period of invasion, civil... more

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c. A.D. 246–330

Helena(c. A.D. 246–330) Helena was Empress of the Roman Empire through her marriage to Emperor Constantius and mother to Emperor Constantine. She converte... more

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c. A.D. 250–325

Lactantius(c. A.D. 250–325) Lactantius was a Christian advisor to Emperor Constantine regarding religious policies. He was also the tutor of Constantine’s s... more

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c. A.D. 256–336

Arius(c. 256-336) Alexandrian presbyter whose teaching on the Trinity was condemned at the Council of Nicaea A.D. 325. (See Arianism and Arian Controversy.... more

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Died A.D. 257

Stephen Bishop of Rome(Died A.D. 257) Stephen was Bishop of Rome and Pope from A.D. 254 to 257. He addressed issues relating to the reintegration of members and leaders who... more

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A.D. 263–May 339

Eusebius of Caesarea(A.D. 263–May 339) Eusebius became bishop of Caesarea around A.D. 314 and became one of early Christianity’s foremost scholars, apologist, and His... more

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A.D. 265

Jin Empire (China)(A.D. 265) The Jin Dynasty arises within the kingdom of Wei and proceeds to unite China and Vietnam under its rule, reestablishing an Imperial China.

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c. A.D. 272–337

ConstantineConstantine I (c. A.D. 272–337) was a Western Roman Emperor who, after a series of civil wars, became emperor of the entire Roman Empire. He strengt... more

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Died A.D. 274

Felix Bishop of Rome(Died A.D. 274) Felix was Bishop of Rome and Pope from A.D. 269 until his death in 274. He condemned the teaching that Christ was born as a mere morta... more

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c. A.D. 277–361

Mirian III(c. A.D. 277–361) Mirian III was king of Kartli (in modern day Georgia) who converted to Christianity and adopted it has the official religion of hi... more

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c. A.D. 280–355

Donatus(c. A.D. 280–355) Magnus Donatus was the leader of a movement in North Africa that believed clergy who had fallen away needed to be rebaptized in or... more

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A.D. 286

Division of Roman Empire(A.D. 286) The Roman Empire is divided into two administrative bodies each overseen by its own emperor, the west being governed by an emperor in Medio... more

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