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HISTORY of Christian Theology

Refers to the rational approach to theology that dominated Roman Catholic ideas in the High and Late Middle Ages that developed in the universities in contrast with the more devotional form of theology found in the monasteries during the early Middle Ages. The scholastic method typically used a dialectic approach to prove how the Bible could be reconciled with the teachings of the early Christian Fathers, despite apparent contradictions. Thomas Aquinas is the most renowned Catholic scholastic theologian whereas the earlier teachings of Bernard of Clairvaux reflect the monastic approach to theology. Protestants also developed a form of scholasticism during the 17th century but it created a counter movement toward experience called Pietism. Martin Luther despised and poked fun of scholastic theologians but admired Bernard and other monastic writers and the early church father Augustine.

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