scholasticism

Refers to the rational approach to theology that dominated Roman Catholic ideas in the High and Late Middle Ages that developed in the universities in contrast with the more devotional form of theology found in the monasteries during the early Middle Ages. The scholastic method typically used a dialectic approach to prove how the Bible could be reconciled with the teachings of the early Christian Fathers, despite apparent contradictions. Thomas Aquinas(c. A.D. 1225-1274) Dominican friar, teacher at the University of Paris, central figure of medieval scholasticism, and the most authoritative theologi... more is the most renowned Catholic scholastic theologian whereas the earlier teachings of Bernard of ClairvauxBernard of Clairvaux (A.D. 1090–1153) reformed Medieval monasticism, forming the Cistercian Order. He was critical in establishing Innocent II as po... more reflect the monastic approach to theology. Protestants also developed a form of scholasticism during the 17th century but it created a counter movement toward experience called PietismA Protestant movement beginning with Lutheranism in the 17th and 18th that emphasized and emotional theology based on faith, repentance, conversion, a... more. Martin Luther(A.D. 1483–1546) German theologian, pastor, professor at the University of Wittenberg, ex-monk, and founding figure of Protestantism. He was known f... more despised and poked fun of scholastic theologians but admired Bernard and other monastic writers and the early church father Augustine(A.D. 354-430) Bishop of Hippo in North Africa, the most influential theologian of the West, known especially for his doctrine of grace, including rel... more.