(A.D. 1095) Pope Urban II(c. A.D. 1035–1099) Urban II was Bishop of Rome and Pope from A.D. 1088 until his death in 1099. He initiated the First Crusade, promising forgivene... more calls the First Crusade in response the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Emperor’s plea for help against the Seljuk Turks. The Crusaders captured Jerusalem and created several minor Crusader States in the Levant.
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